Conditions for Government Adoption of Naturist Spaces as Public Health Infrastructure
Author: Vincent Marty
Founder of NaturismRE
Audience Note
This white paper is intended for public health institutions, policymakers, urban planners, environmental agencies, and government stakeholders responsible for healthcare systems, infrastructure planning, and community wellbeing.
It is designed to provide a structured, policy-ready framework explaining the conditions under which governments may adopt regulated naturist environments as part of preventative health strategies.
This document does not advocate naturism as a lifestyle or ideological position. It evaluates naturist environments strictly as:
• environmental health systems
• behavioural contexts
• potential public infrastructure
Executive Summary
Governments worldwide are under increasing pressure to improve public health outcomes while controlling rising costs.
Key challenges include:
• increasing chronic disease prevalence
• mental health system saturation
• escalating healthcare expenditure
• urban disconnection from natural environments
• social fragmentation
Existing policy responses remain predominantly reactive, relying on:
• pharmaceutical treatments
• expansion of clinical services
• behavioural campaigns with limited long-term effectiveness
These approaches are costly and structurally limited.
This paper examines the conditions under which governments would be incentivised to adopt naturist spaces as part of a preventative health strategy.
It identifies that adoption is not dependent on cultural acceptance, but on alignment with core governmental incentives.
These include:
• healthcare cost reduction
• mental health system relief
• urban land optimisation
• economic and tourism development
• environmental policy alignment
• social cohesion metrics
The analysis demonstrates that naturist environments can align with all of these incentives when properly structured.
However, adoption requires:
• clear policy framing
• risk mitigation
• structured implementation models
• measurable outcomes
The paper concludes that naturist spaces will be adopted when they are positioned as:
low-cost, evidence-aligned public health infrastructure
rather than lifestyle or cultural initiatives.
Abstract
Preventative health strategies are increasingly prioritised within public policy due to rising healthcare costs and system pressure. However, environmental and behavioural interventions remain underutilised compared to clinical approaches.
Naturist environments, defined as structured, regulated spaces allowing non-sexual social nudity within natural and recreational contexts, represent a potential category of preventative health infrastructure.
This white paper examines the conditions required for governments to adopt naturist environments within public systems.
Drawing on interdisciplinary insights from public health, environmental psychology, urban planning, and policy analysis, the study identifies that adoption is driven by alignment with measurable incentives rather than cultural acceptance.
The analysis demonstrates that naturist environments can contribute to multiple policy objectives simultaneously, including improved mental wellbeing, increased physical activity, and efficient use of public space.
The paper concludes that government adoption depends on reframing naturist environments as infrastructure rather than ideology, supported by structured implementation and measurable outcomes.
Methodology
This paper is based on a qualitative policy analysis integrating:
• public health research
• environmental psychology
• behavioural policy frameworks
• urban planning models
The analysis combines:
• conceptual evaluation of naturist environments
• review of international practices
• modelling of government decision-making criteria
Where direct quantitative data on naturism is limited, the study draws on established evidence related to:
• nature exposure
• physical activity
• social interaction
• body image and psychological wellbeing
The objective is to assess policy feasibility through convergence of evidence and alignment with governmental incentives.
Findings should be interpreted as:
• indicative
• policy-relevant
• suitable for pilot-based validation
1. Introduction
Governments are increasingly required to address complex and interconnected public health challenges.
These include:
• rising chronic disease
• increasing mental health disorders
• escalating healthcare costs
• reduced physical activity
• growing social isolation
These challenges are influenced by structural conditions rather than isolated behaviours.
Modern urban environments often contribute to these issues through:
• limited access to natural spaces
• high-density living conditions
• reduced opportunities for low-cost recreation
1.1 Limitations of Current Policy Models
Current responses rely heavily on:
• medical intervention
• expansion of healthcare services
• behavioural campaigns
These approaches are:
• costly
• reactive
• dependent on sustained individual compliance
They do not sufficiently address environmental and social determinants.
1.2 The Preventative Health Gap
Preventative strategies are recognised as essential but remain limited in scope.
They often focus on:
• education
• awareness
rather than modifying the environments in which behaviour occurs.
This creates a gap between:
• individual responsibility
• structural influence
1.3 Naturist Environments as System-Level Interventions
Naturist environments represent a form of environmental intervention that can influence multiple determinants simultaneously.
They support:
• exposure to natural environments
• reduction of social comparison pressures
• increased physical activity
• simplified social interaction
• reduced material and status signalling
Unlike traditional interventions, they:
• require minimal infrastructure
• operate within existing public spaces
• do not rely on clinical systems
1.4 Core Policy Question
The central question is not whether naturism is acceptable.
It is:
under what conditions naturist environments become relevant within government decision-making frameworks
Government adoption depends on:
• measurable outcomes
• cost efficiency
• political feasibility
• administrative simplicity
This paper evaluates naturist environments through this lens.
2. Government Decision Framework
Government adoption of any initiative follows a structured evaluation process. While specific procedures vary by jurisdiction, decision-making consistently aligns with four core criteria:
• cost–benefit efficiency
• political risk management
• administrative feasibility
• public acceptance potential
For naturist environments to be considered viable, they must satisfy all four simultaneously.
2.1 Cost–Benefit Efficiency
Policies must demonstrate:
• measurable return on investment (ROI)
• reduction in long-term expenditure
• efficiency relative to existing interventions
High-cost programs face increasing scrutiny due to budget constraints.
Low-cost interventions that produce multi-dimensional benefits are prioritised.
Naturist environments can potentially contribute to:
• reduced healthcare utilisation
• improved preventative health outcomes
• more efficient use of public infrastructure
However, these benefits must be framed in measurable, policy-compatible terms.
2.2 Political Risk Management
Governments operate within political constraints that strongly influence decision-making.
Policies must:
• avoid triggering controversy
• be defensible within media narratives
• minimise reputational risk
Naturist environments are currently perceived as high-risk due to:
• misunderstanding of non-sexual nudity
• association with inappropriate behaviour
• lack of public familiarity
Even when actual risk is low, perceived risk influences decisions.
This results in avoidance rather than evaluation.
2.3 Administrative Feasibility
Policies must be implementable within existing systems.
This requires:
• compatibility with current regulatory frameworks
• manageable enforcement requirements
• minimal need for new infrastructure
Complex or resource-intensive initiatives are less likely to be adopted.
Naturist environments present advantages:
• low infrastructure requirements
• ability to integrate into existing park systems
• potential for phased implementation
2.4 Public Acceptance Potential
Public acceptance is a critical factor.
Policies must demonstrate either:
• public support
• or at minimum, absence of strong opposition
Even limited but vocal opposition can prevent adoption.
Naturist environments require:
• clear communication
• structured implementation
• distinction between behaviour and context
Acceptance is influenced by perception, not only by evidence.
2.5 Structural Insight
Naturist environments do not fail these criteria due to lack of value.
They fail due to:
• misalignment with policy language
• absence of structured frameworks
• perception-driven risk
The issue is not viability.
The issue is alignment with decision-making systems.
3. Core Incentives Required for Government Support
Government adoption is driven by incentive alignment, not conceptual appeal.
Naturist environments must demonstrate value across multiple incentive categories simultaneously.
3.1 Healthcare Cost Reduction
This is the most influential driver.
Healthcare systems face increasing pressure due to:
• chronic disease prevalence
• ageing populations
• rising treatment costs
A significant portion of these costs is linked to preventable conditions.
3.1.1 Mechanisms of Impact
Naturist environments may contribute to improved health outcomes through:
• increased physical activity in natural settings
• reduced chronic stress
• improved mental wellbeing
• increased exposure to sunlight supporting vitamin D
• reduction of harmful behaviours linked to body dissatisfaction
These factors are independently associated with improved health outcomes.
Combined within a single environment, they may produce cumulative benefits.
3.1.2 Cost Efficiency
Naturist environments:
• require minimal infrastructure
• do not involve pharmaceutical costs
• do not depend on specialised medical personnel
They represent:
• low-cost
• scalable
• preventative systems
3.1.3 Policy Activation
To activate this incentive, naturist environments must be positioned as:
• preventative health infrastructure
• comparable to green spaces, walking tracks, and outdoor fitness areas
• measurable through health indicators
3.2 Mental Health System Relief
Mental health services are under significant strain globally.
Common issues include:
• increasing demand
• limited access
• long waiting times
Governments are seeking complementary approaches.
3.2.1 Mechanisms of Impact
Naturist environments may contribute to:
• reduced anxiety related to body image
• increased social acceptance
• reduced social comparison
• improved psychological relaxation
• increased exposure to natural environments
3.2.2 System-Level Effect
If naturist environments contribute to:
• reduced demand for clinical services
• improved baseline wellbeing
• earlier intervention
they become relevant as:
• system support tools
3.2.3 Incentive Trigger
Government interest increases when:
• measurable reduction in system pressure is demonstrated
• cost savings are identifiable
3.3 Economic and Tourism Benefits
Governments prioritise initiatives that generate economic return.
Naturist environments can contribute to:
• tourism attraction
• extended visitor stays
• repeat visitation
• local economic activity
3.3.1 Tourism Characteristics
Naturist tourism often demonstrates:
• higher spending per visitor
• longer duration of stay
• strong repeat engagement
These characteristics make it economically attractive.
3.3.2 Regional Development
Naturist zones can function as:
• regional economic drivers
• diversification tools for tourism
• controlled destination assets
3.3.3 Economic Framing
To activate this incentive, naturist environments must be positioned as:
• tourism infrastructure
• economic development tools
3.4 Urban Land Optimisation
Urban areas contain underutilised public space.
This includes:
• low-traffic park zones
• marginal recreational areas
Optimisation of these spaces is a planning priority.
3.4.1 Functional Use
Naturist environments can:
• activate underused areas
• redistribute park usage
• increase engagement
3.4.2 Cost Advantage
Implementation requires:
• minimal capital investment
• no major construction
• low maintenance
3.4.3 Planning Incentive
Urban planners are incentivised to:
• maximise land efficiency
• increase accessibility
• diversify usage
Naturist zones align with these objectives.
3.5 Environmental Policy Alignment
Environmental sustainability is a growing policy priority.
Naturist environments align with:
• reduced material consumption
• low-impact recreation
• increased engagement with ecosystems
3.5.1 Behavioural Alignment
Naturist practices support:
• reduced consumption
• awareness of environmental conditions
• direct interaction with nature
3.5.2 Policy Integration
They can be integrated within:
• environmental education
• conservation initiatives
• sustainability frameworks
3.6 Regulatory Simplification
Current laws regarding public nudity are often:
• ambiguous
• inconsistent
• difficult to enforce
3.6.1 Opportunity
Governments are incentivised to:
• clarify legislation
• reduce ambiguity
• improve enforcement consistency
3.6.2 Administrative Benefit
Clear zoning reduces:
• enforcement complexity
• legal uncertainty
• administrative cost
3.7 Social Cohesion and Inclusion Metrics
Governments increasingly measure:
• social inclusion
• equality indicators
• community wellbeing
3.7.1 Social Mechanisms
Naturist environments may contribute to:
• body neutrality
• reduced social comparison
• inclusive interaction
3.7.2 Policy Value
If measurable, these outcomes contribute to:
• national wellbeing indicators
• social policy objectives
3.8 Incentive Convergence
Government adoption is driven by convergence, not isolated benefits.
Naturist environments align simultaneously with:
• health
• economic
• environmental
• social
• urban planning objectives
The challenge is not the absence of incentives.
The challenge is their structured presentation and measurement.
4. Barriers That Must Be Offset
Even where strong incentives exist, governments will not proceed with adoption unless perceived and actual risks are clearly identified and mitigated.
Naturist environments are constrained not by lack of potential value, but by structural barriers operating across political, social, regulatory, and institutional dimensions.
These barriers must be addressed explicitly within any policy proposal.
4.1 Perceived Political Risk
Political risk is the most immediate barrier to adoption.
Decision-makers operate within an environment shaped by:
• media scrutiny
• electoral accountability
• public perception
• opposition narratives
Naturist environments are frequently perceived as controversial due to:
• misunderstanding of non-sexual nudity
• association with inappropriate behaviour
• limited public familiarity
This results in a risk profile that is disproportionate to actual conditions.
4.1.1 Media Amplification
Media dynamics can amplify perception.
Sensationalised narratives may:
• misrepresent naturist environments
• increase perceived risk
• generate public concern
This discourages engagement at policy level.
4.1.2 Asymmetry of Risk and Benefit
Political cost is:
• immediate
• visible
• concentrated
Benefits are:
• long-term
• diffuse
• less visible
This asymmetry leads to avoidance as the default decision.
4.2 Safeguarding and Public Safety Concerns
Safeguarding concerns represent a critical barrier.
These concerns include:
• appropriateness within public space
• protection of vulnerable individuals
• perceived risks involving children
These concerns are often driven by assumptions, but must be addressed in policy design.
4.2.1 Behavioural Standards
Naturist environments must operate under:
• explicit codes of conduct
• clearly defined acceptable behaviour
• zero tolerance for misconduct
This ensures:
• behaviour is regulated independently of nudity
• standards are enforceable
• public confidence is maintained
4.2.2 Governance Structures
Effective safeguarding requires:
• defined oversight mechanisms
• visible governance
• reporting pathways
These structures align with existing public space management systems.
4.3 Cultural Resistance
Cultural resistance is rooted in long-standing associations between nudity and:
• sexuality
• indecency
• moral judgement
These associations influence perception regardless of context.
4.3.1 Misclassification
Naturism is often incorrectly classified as:
• sexual behaviour
• inappropriate exposure
This misclassification creates:
• legal ambiguity
• institutional discomfort
• policy exclusion
4.3.2 Social Norm Dynamics
Social norms influence acceptance.
Practices outside perceived norms are often rejected irrespective of evidence.
However, norms evolve through:
• exposure
• structured implementation
• clear communication
4.4 Institutional Inertia
Government systems favour:
• continuity
• low-risk decisions
• established frameworks
New approaches face resistance due to:
• lack of precedent
• uncertainty of outcomes
• administrative complexity
4.4.1 Absence of Policy Templates
Without established models, policymakers face:
• uncertainty
• increased perceived risk
• slower approval processes
4.4.2 Preference for Incremental Change
Governments prefer gradual adjustments.
Naturist integration requires:
• new classification
• regulatory clarity
• communication frameworks
This increases resistance.
4.5 Barrier Summary
The barriers to naturist integration are primarily:
• perceptual
• political
• institutional
They are not operational limitations.
Effective policy must therefore address these barriers directly.
5. Required Policy Packaging
To overcome barriers and activate incentives, naturist integration must be presented as a complete, structured, and risk-mitigated policy package.
Partial or informal proposals are unlikely to succeed.
The policy must demonstrate:
• clarity
• simplicity
• defensibility
• measurability
5.1 Designated Zones
Naturist environments must be limited to clearly defined areas.
These areas should be:
• geographically bounded
• visibly marked
• distinct from general-use zones
5.1.1 Boundary Clarity
Clear boundaries are required to:
• avoid ambiguity
• reduce conflict
• support enforcement
Users must understand:
• where naturist activity is permitted
• where it is not
5.1.2 Site Selection
Zones should be selected based on:
• low conflict potential
• existing usage patterns
• accessibility without central exposure
5.2 Code of Conduct
A formal code of conduct is essential.
It must define:
• non-sexual behaviour requirements
• respect for personal boundaries
• prohibition of harassment
• rules regarding photography and consent
5.2.1 Enforcement
Rules must be enforceable through:
• local authorities
• park management
• designated oversight
Clear consequences must be defined.
5.2.2 Behaviour-Based Regulation
Regulation must focus on:
• actions
• conduct
• interactions
rather than nudity itself.
5.3 Pilot Programs
Pilot programs provide controlled introduction.
5.3.1 Structure
Pilots may include:
• limited zones
• restricted time periods
• controlled access
5.3.2 Risk Mitigation
Pilots allow:
• reversibility
• controlled exposure
• adjustment before scaling
5.4 Data-Driven Evaluation
Data collection is essential for policy validation.
5.4.1 Metrics
Evaluation should include:
• usage rates
• wellbeing indicators
• incident reports
• public sentiment
5.4.2 Evidence Function
Data enables:
• justification for expansion
• reduction of uncertainty
• policy defensibility
5.5 Stakeholder Engagement
Implementation requires coordination between:
• local councils
• health agencies
• law enforcement
• community groups
5.5.1 Coordination
Each stakeholder contributes to:
• governance
• evaluation
• enforcement
5.5.2 Community Engagement
Public involvement supports:
• understanding
• acceptance
• reduced resistance
5.6 Communication Strategy
Communication must:
• emphasise structure and safety
• avoid ideological framing
• align with public health language
5.7 System Integrity
The proposal must function as a cohesive system.
It must demonstrate:
• low risk
• clear governance
• measurable outcomes
• alignment with existing frameworks
6. Strategic Framing for Adoption
Government adoption of any initiative is highly dependent on how it is framed.
Framing determines:
• perceived legitimacy
• political acceptability
• alignment with policy priorities
• public interpretation
Naturist environments are currently limited by ineffective framing.
They are often presented as:
• lifestyle choices
• cultural or ideological movements
• expressions of personal freedom
These framings do not align with government decision frameworks.
6.1 Framing Misalignment
When naturist environments are positioned as:
• lifestyle accommodation
• cultural expression
• personal rights
they are interpreted as:
• non-essential
• politically sensitive
• outside policy scope
This results in:
• reduced institutional engagement
• increased perceived risk
• low prioritisation
6.2 Required Reframing
For successful adoption, naturist environments must be reframed as:
• preventative health infrastructure
• environmental health systems
• low-cost wellbeing environments
This reframing aligns naturism with:
• public health policy
• urban planning
• environmental frameworks
6.4 Alignment with Policy Language
Government policy operates within defined language frameworks.
Effective terminology includes:
• preventative health
• system efficiency
• wellbeing indicators
• infrastructure optimisation
• environmental engagement
Naturist environments must be described using this vocabulary.
6.5 Risk Reduction Through Framing
Effective framing reduces perceived risk by:
• clarifying purpose
• removing ambiguity
• aligning with recognised policy categories
When naturism is framed as infrastructure:
• political resistance decreases
• administrative feasibility increases
• public understanding improves
6.6 Strategic Positioning Principle
Naturist environments should not be positioned as a new concept.
They should be positioned as:
an extension of existing public health and environmental strategies
This reduces resistance and increases policy compatibility.
6.7 Communication Framework
Effective communication should follow a structured sequence:
define the public health problem
identify limitations of current approaches
introduce naturist environments as complementary solutions
demonstrate low cost and scalability
present structured implementation
This approach improves clarity and acceptance.
7. Implementation Pathway
Government adoption requires a structured implementation process.
Naturist environments must be introduced through phased development rather than immediate large-scale deployment.
7.1 Phase 1: Pilot Programs
Initial implementation should be limited in scope.
7.1.1 Pilot Characteristics
Pilot programs should include:
• clearly defined zones
• limited operational hours
• controlled access where appropriate
7.1.2 Objectives
The pilot phase aims to:
• test feasibility
• assess public response
• identify operational challenges
• generate data
7.1.3 Risk Containment
Pilot programs reduce perceived risk through:
• limited exposure
• reversibility
• controlled implementation
This increases likelihood of approval.
7.2 Phase 2: Data Collection
Data collection is essential for policy validation.
7.2.1 Key Data Categories
Data should include:
• usage rates
• demographic patterns
• wellbeing indicators
• incident reports
• public sentiment
7.2.2 Measurement Objectives
The objective is to demonstrate:
• safety
• demand
• positive outcomes
• minimal disruption
7.2.3 Role of Evidence
Data supports:
• policy expansion
• risk mitigation
• communication with stakeholders
Without measurable data, policy progression is limited.
7.3 Phase 3: Policy Expansion
Expansion occurs once pilot data supports viability.
7.3.1 Expansion Criteria
Expansion should be based on:
• positive usage trends
• low incident rates
• acceptable public response
7.3.2 Scaling Approach
Scaling should remain controlled:
• additional zones
• extended operating periods
• broader geographic coverage
7.4 Phase 4: Integration into Urban Planning
At this stage, naturist environments become part of standard planning processes.
7.4.1 Planning Integration
Integration may include:
• inclusion in park design
• incorporation into recreation strategies
• alignment with urban development frameworks
7.4.2 Institutional Normalisation
Naturist environments transition from:
• pilot initiatives
to
• recognised infrastructure
This reduces resistance and increases stability.
7.5 Phase 5: National Framework Development
The final stage involves standardisation.
7.5.1 Legislative Clarity
Governments may establish:
• clear legal definitions
• consistent regulatory frameworks
• national guidelines
7.5.2 Policy Integration
Naturist environments may be incorporated into:
• public health strategies
• environmental policies
• planning standards
7.5.3 System-Level Outcomes
At this stage, naturist integration contributes to:
• national wellbeing indicators
• long-term healthcare efficiency
• improved urban liveability
7.6 Implementation Summary
Successful implementation requires:
• phased progression
• data-driven decision-making
• controlled risk
• alignment with existing systems
Rapid or unstructured implementation increases failure risk.
8. Policy Implications
If implemented effectively, naturist environments have the potential to generate multi-layered impacts across public systems.
These impacts extend beyond recreational policy and influence:
• healthcare systems
• mental health frameworks
• urban planning
• environmental policy
• economic development
• social cohesion
8.1 Healthcare System Impact
Naturist environments, when positioned as preventative infrastructure, may contribute to:
• reduction in long-term healthcare expenditure
• decreased incidence of stress-related conditions
• improved baseline physical and mental health indicators
• increased participation in low-cost physical activity
These impacts are cumulative.
Even incremental improvements across large populations can produce significant system-level savings.
8.2 Mental Health Outcomes
Naturist environments may support:
• reduction of anxiety linked to body image
• increased psychological acceptance
• reduced social comparison
• improved emotional regulation
• enhanced connection to natural environments
These outcomes align with current mental health priorities focused on prevention and early intervention.
8.3 Urban Liveability
Urban environments are increasingly assessed based on:
• accessibility of public space
• diversity of use
• community engagement
• quality of recreational infrastructure
Naturist zones can contribute to:
• activation of underutilised areas
• diversification of park usage
• improved distribution of visitors
• increased engagement with public space
8.4 Environmental Engagement
Naturist environments promote:
• direct interaction with natural ecosystems
• low-impact recreational behaviour
• increased environmental awareness
These factors support policy objectives related to:
• sustainability
• conservation
• responsible land use
8.5 Economic Impact
Naturist zones may contribute to:
• tourism development
• regional economic activity
• increased local spending
• diversification of tourism offerings
These effects are particularly relevant for:
• regional areas
• coastal zones
• emerging tourism markets
8.6 Social Cohesion
Naturist environments may support:
• inclusive participation
• reduction of appearance-based judgement
• increased social interaction
• improved community engagement
These elements contribute to measurable social cohesion indicators.
8.7 System Efficiency
The most significant implication is system efficiency.
Naturist environments provide:
• low-cost implementation
• multi-dimensional benefits
• scalability within existing infrastructure
This combination is uncommon within public policy interventions.
9. Limitations
Several limitations must be acknowledged.
9.1 Limited Longitudinal Data
There is a lack of large-scale, long-term studies specifically examining naturist environments as structured public health interventions.
Existing evidence is:
• interdisciplinary
• indirect
• context-dependent
9.2 Cultural Variability
Acceptance of naturist environments varies across:
• cultural contexts
• legal frameworks
• social norms
This affects:
• implementation feasibility
• public response
• policy design
9.3 Dependence on Effective Regulation
Successful implementation depends on:
• clear behavioural standards
• consistent enforcement
• structured governance
Poorly designed systems may lead to:
• misunderstanding
• resistance
• reputational risk
9.4 Public Perception
Public perception remains a key variable.
Misinterpretation may:
• increase perceived risk
• influence political decisions
• affect adoption speed
Effective communication is essential.
9.5 Implementation Variability
Outcomes may vary depending on:
• geographic location
• design of zones
• level of oversight
• stakeholder engagement
These factors must be considered in policy planning.
10. Conclusion
Government adoption of policy initiatives is not driven by ideology.
It is driven by:
• measurable impact
• cost efficiency
• political defensibility
• operational feasibility
Naturist environments can meet these criteria when structured appropriately.
They offer:
• low-cost implementation
• multi-dimensional benefits
• compatibility with existing infrastructure
• scalability through phased development
However, adoption is currently limited not by lack of value, but by:
• ineffective framing
• perceived political risk
• absence of structured policy models
10.1 Core Conclusion
Naturist environments will be adopted when they are:
• measurable in impact
• low in cost
• politically defensible
• operationally simple
10.2 Strategic Insight
The success of naturist integration depends on positioning.
Naturist environments must be presented as:
• infrastructure
• public health tools
• system efficiency measures
rather than:
• lifestyle choices
• cultural movements
• ideological propositions
10.3 Final Policy Perspective
Governments do not require persuasion based on belief.
They require:
• incentives
• structure
• clarity
• evidence
When naturist environments align with these requirements, they transition from:
• marginal concepts
to
• viable policy instruments
Referencias
Public Health and Policy
World Health Organization. (2021). Urban green spaces and health: A review of evidence.
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Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The Experience of Nature.
Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature.
Ulrich, R. (1984). Stress recovery and natural environments.
Twohig-Bennett, C., & Jones, A. (2018). Environmental Research, 166.
Behavioural Policy
Thaler, R., & Sunstein, C. (2008). Nudge.
Sunstein, C. (2017). The Ethics of Influence.
Psychology and Body Image
Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. (2002). Body Image.
Grogan, S. (2016). Body Image.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory.
Sociology
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Douglas, M. (1966). Purity and Danger.
Urban Planning
Gehl, J. (2011). Life Between Buildings.
UN-Habitat. (2020). Public Space and Urban Health.
Naturism and Context
Barthe-Deloizy, F. (2003). Géographie de la nudité.
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